RESUMO: A tripanossomose em ovinos é uma doença hemoparasitária de interesse mundial devido a seus efeitos sobre a saúde dos animais e o impacto econômico sobre os produtores, Esta doença é causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma sp. No presente estudo, foi determinada a ocorrência de Trypanosoma sp. em ovelhas da área urbano-rural do Cantão Salitre, através de um estudo aplicado com uma abordagem transversal descritiva qualitativa prospectiva, realizado entre dia primeiro de outubro de 2019, à 19 de fevereiro de 2020. Amostras de sangue foram extraídas da veia jugular e analisadas pelo método de esfregaço de sangue usando as técnicas de coloração Giemsa e Diff-Quick. Anteriormente, em um primeiro estudo realizado entre 2018 e 2019, dois casos (2%) de Trypanosoma sp., foram identificados um caso de Babesia sp. (1%), e quatro casos de Anaplasma marginale (4%), mas sem a presença de sintomas da doença. Entretanto, neste novo estudo de pesquisa, de 170 animais amostrados de cinco rebanhos e com idades entre três e oito anos, 34 (20%) foram positivos para Trypanosoma sp., seis para Babesia sp. (3,52%) e seis para A. marginale (3,52%) com coinfecção entre eles. Nesta pesquisa, aspectos clínicos deteriorados e baixos valores hematológicos também foram determinados em animais positivos; além do total de casos positivos, 25 apresentaram sintomas de doença hemoparasítica, três ovelhas tiveram abortos e oito morreram. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o Trypanosoma sp. já poderia se tornar uma parasitose endêmica em ovinos no país, representando um grave problema de saúde animal.

ABSTRACT: Trypanosomosis in sheep is a hemoparasitic disease of worldwide interest due to its effects on the health of animals and the economic impact on producers, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma sp. In the present study, the occurrence of Trypanosoma sp. in sheep from the urban-rural area of the canton Salitre was determined, through an applied study with a qualitative descriptive prospective cross-sectional approach, carried out between October 1, 2019, and February 19, 2020. Blood samples were extracted from the jugular vein and analyzed by the blood smear method using the Giemsa and Diff-Quick staining techniques. Previously, in a first study realized between 2018 and 2019, 2 cases (2%) of Trypanosoma sp., 1 case of Babesia sp. (1%), and 4 cases of Anaplasma marginale (4%) were identified, but without the presence of symptoms of the disease. However, in this new research study, of 170 animals sampled from 5 herds and aged between 3 and 8 years, 34 (20%) were positive for Trypanosoma sp., 6 for Babesia sp. (3.52%) and 6 for A. marginale (3.52%) with coinfection between them. In this research, deteriorated clinical aspects and low hematological values were also determined in positive animals; besides of the total of positive cases, 25 presented symptoms of hemoparasitic disease, 3 sheep had abortions and 8 died. The results of this study showed that Trypanosoma sp. could already become an endemic parasitosis in sheep in the country, representing a serious problem of animal health.

RESUMO: A tripanossomíase em ovelhas é uma hemoparasitose globalmente prevalente causada pelo protozoário chamado Trypanosoma (T) sp. O ciclo de vida de transmissão envolve hospedeiros suscetíveis e alguns dípteros hematófagos como Tabanids e Stomoxys. O objetivo destetrabalho foi determinar a presença de Trypanosoma sp. em ovelhas (Ovisaries). Através de um estudo aplicado, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo prospectivo-transversal, realizado entre o dia primeiro de outubro de 2018 e 29 de janeiro de 2019, foram analisadas amostras de sangue extraídas da veía jugular pelo método do esfregaço de sangue, utilizando duas técnicas de coloração Romanowski (Giensa e Diff-Quick). Os animais estudados tinham entre três e dez anos de idade, de três fazendas no municipio de Colimes (Equador). Dos 100 animais amostrados e processados, dois casos (2%) foram positivos para Trypanosoma sp., constituindo o primeiro relato deste hemoparasita em ovelhas no Equador. Além disso, um caso de Babesia sp. (1%) e quatro casos de Anaplasma marginale (4%); entretanto, em nenhum desses casos houve sintomas de qualquer doença hemotropicoparasitária. Animais positivos foram posteriormente desparasitados. A presença desses parasitas foi confirmada no local do estudo e, portanto, pode se tornar um sério problema de saúde animal.

ABSTRACT: The prevalence of trypanosomiasis in sheep is of worldwide concern. It is a hemoparasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma (T) spp., andthe biological cycle of transmission involves susceptible hosts and certain hematophagous flies, such as Tabanids and Stomoxys. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Trypanosomasp. in sheep (Ovisaries). Through an applied, descriptive-prospective-cross-sectional qualitative study conducted between October 1, 2018, and January 29, 2019, blood samples extracted from the jugular vein were analyzed by the blood smear method using 2 Romanowsky staining techniques (Giemsa and Diff-Quick). Animals studied were between ages of 3 and 10 years, coming from 3 farms in the city of Colimes (Ecuador). Of 100 sampled and processed animals, 2 (2%) were positive for Trypanosoma sp., constituting the first report of this hemoparasite in sheep in Ecuador, and 1 case of Babesia spp. (1%) and 4 cases of Anaplasma marginale (4%) were also identified. However, none of these cases presented symptomatology of any hemotropic-parasitic disease. Subsequently, the positive animals were dewormed.The presence of these parasites wasconfirmedat the study site and,thus, could become a serious animal health problem.

Abstract Hymenolepidiosis is a zoonosis of worldwide prevalence, especially in children, and it is caused by rodent cestodes called Hymenolepis (H) nana and Hymenolepis diminuta. It is very common in developing countries with hot, temperate and dry climates. The life cycle of H. nana does not require intermediate hosts, and its usual transmission is fecal-oral (by ingestion of infective eggs); and infection of H. diminuta occurs through ingestion of tenebrionid arthropods with the larval form (cysticercoids). The objective of this study was to determine the presence of H. nana and H. diminuta in the “Las Piñas” citadel, in the city of Milagro (Ecuador) and to make the public health risk known, through informative talks. For this research, the rodents were captured with the help of Tomahawk and Sherman traps with non-toxic baits (meat, mortadella, fish, bread). A descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study with qualitative approach, carried out between February 1st and July 30th, 2018, analyzed fecal samples using direct methods and flotation-centrifugation with a supersaturated saline solution. Out of 87 captured and processed rodents, 20 cases (22.99 %) were determined for Hymenolepis nana, and 10 cases (11.49 %), for H. diminuta. This was the first report of Hymenolepis nana and diminuta in rodents in the country. It can be concluded that the presence of these parasites at the study site is evident and may become a serious public health problem, due to the risk of transmission to the inhabitants of the sector.

Resumen La Hymenolepidiosis es una zoonosis de prevalencia mundial, sobre todo en niños, es causada por cestodos de roedores denominados Hymenolepis (H) nana e Hymenolepis diminuta, es muy frecuente en países en vías de desarrollo, con climas cálidos, templados y secos. El ciclo biológico de la H. nana no requiere de hospederos intermediarios, y su transmisión habitual es fecal-oral (por ingesta de huevos infectivos); y la infección de H. diminuta se da a través de la ingestión de artrópodos tenebriónidos con la forma larvaria cisticercoides. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de H. nana e H. diminuta en la ciudadela Las Piñas, de la ciudad de Milagro (Ecuador) y dar a conocer a través de charlas informativas el riesgo en salud pública; para esta investigación se capturaron roedores con ayuda de trampas Tomahawk y Sherman en complementariedad con cebos no tóxicos (carne, mortadela, pescado, pan). Mediante un estudio aplicado, con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-prospectivo-transversal, realizado entre el 1 de febrero al 30 de julio del 2018, se analizaron las muestras fecales por métodos directos y de flotación-centrifugación con solución salina sobresaturada. De 87 roedores capturados y procesados, 20 casos (22.99 %) se determinó para Hymenolepis nana y 10 casos (11.49 %) para H. diminuta. Constituyéndose en el primer reporte de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores en el país. Se concluye que es evidente la presencia de estos parásitos en el sitio de estudio, lo que podría convertirse en un serio problema de salud pública, por el riesgo de transmitirse a los habitantes del sector.